Pet CPR: Step-by-Step Emergency Resuscitation Guide for Dogs & Cats

RECOVER CPR GuidelinesThe Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) initiative established evidence-based CPR guidelines for dogs and cats in 2012 (updated 2024). The key components: Basic Life Support (BLS) — chest compressions + ventilation; Advanced Life...

RECOVER CPR Guidelines

The Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) initiative established evidence-based CPR guidelines for dogs and cats in 2012 (updated 2024). The key components: Basic Life Support (BLS) — chest compressions + ventilation; Advanced Life Support (ALS) — defibrillation, vasopressors, and antiarrhythmics when available. Bystander CPR initiated within 4 minutes of arrest significantly improves survival.

Step-by-Step BLS Protocol

• Step 1: Confirm unconsciousness and absence of breathing — call the dog/cat's name, gently shake
• Step 2: Check airway — pull tongue forward, clear visible obstruction
• Step 3: Begin chest compressions — rate 100-120/min, depth 1/3-1/2 chest width, allow full chest recoil between compressions
• Step 4: After 30 compressions, deliver 2 rescue breaths (close muzzle, breathe into nose for dogs; cover nose and mouth for cats)
• Step 5: Continue 30:2 ratio while someone drives to the nearest emergency vet

Compression Technique by Size

Dogs >15kg: Lateral recumbency, hands placed over the widest part of the chest (cardiac pump technique). Dogs <15kg and cats: Lateral or dorsal recumbency, one-handed circumferential compression (thoracic pump technique). Barrel-chested breeds (Greyhounds, Boxers): Dorsal recumbency, compress sternum directly over the heart. Rate always 100-120/min regardless of technique.

References & Further Reading

• ASPCA. Common Dog & Cat Behavior Issues. aspca.org/pet-care
• American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA). Pet Behavior Resources. aaha.org
• Journal of Veterinary Behavior (Elsevier). Clinical Applications and Research. sciencedirect.com
• American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior (AVSAB). Position Statements & Resources. avsab.org

Citations are provided for educational reference. Content is reviewed periodically but does not replace professional veterinary advice. If your pet shows signs of illness, contact a licensed veterinarian immediately.